pale blue dot -carl sagan-第85章
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Most of the material in this book is new。 A number of chapters have evolved from articles first published in Parade magazine; a supplement to the Sunday editions of American newspapers which; with an estimated 80 million readers; may be the most widely read magazine in the world。 I am greatly indebted to Walter Anderson; the editor…in…chief; and David Currier; the executive editor; for their encouragement and editorial wisdom; and to the readers of Parade; whose letters have helped me understand where I have been clear; and where obscure; and how my arguments are received。 Portions of other chapters have emerged from articles published in Issues in Science and Technology; Discover; The Planetary Report; Scientific American; and Popular Mechanics。
Aspects of this book have been discussed with a large number of friends and colleagues; whose ments have greatly improved it。 Although there are too many to list by name; I would like to express my real gratitude to all of them。 I want especially; though; to thank Norman Augustine; Roger Bonnet; Freeman Dyson; Louis Friedman; Everett Gibson; Daniel Goldin; J。 Richard Gott III; Andrei Linde; Jon Lomberg; David Morrison; Roald Sagdeev; Steven Soter; Kip Throne; and Frederick Turner for their ments on all or part of the manuscript; Seth Kaufmann; Peter Thomas; and Joshua Grinspoon for their help with tables and graphs; and a brilliant array of astronomical artists; acknowledged at each illustration; who have permitted me to showcase some of their work。 Through the generosity of Kathy Hoyt; Al McEwen; and Larry Soderblom; I've been able to display some of the exceptional photomosiacs; airbrush maps; and other reductions of NASA images acplished at the Branch of Astrogeology; U。S。 Geological Survey。
I am indebted to Andrea Barnett; Laurel Parker; Jennifer Bland; Loren Mooney; Karenn Gobrecht; Deborah Pearlstein; and the late Eleanor York for their able technical assistance; and to Harry Evans; Walter Weintz; Ann Godoff; Kathy Rosenbloom; Andy Carpenter; Martha Schwartz; and Alan MacRobert on the production end。 Beth Tondreau is responsible for much of the design elegance on these pages。
On matters of space policy; I have benefited from discussions with other members of the board of directors of The Planetary Society; especially Bruce Murray; Louis Friedman; Norman Augustine; Joe Ryan; and the late Thomas O。 Paine。 Devoted to the exploration of the Solar System; the search for extraterrestrial life; and international missions by humans to other worlds; it is the organization that most nearly embodies the perspective of the present book。
Those readers interested in more information on this nonprofit organization; the largest space…interest group on Earth; may contact:
THE PLANETARY SOCIETY
65 N。 Catalina Avenue
Pasadena; CA 91106
Tel。: 1…800…9 WORLDS
As is true of every book I've written since 1977; I am more grateful than I can say to Ann Druyan for searching criticism and fundamental contributions both on content and style。 In the vastness of space and the immensity of time; it is still my joy to share a planet and an epoch with Annie。
REFERENCES
(a few citations and suggestions for further reading)
PLANETARY EXPLORATION IN GENERAL:
J。 Kelly Beatty and Andrew Chaiken; editors; The New Solar System; third edition (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1990)。 Eric Chaisson and Steve McMillan; Astronomy Today (Englewood Cliffs; NJ: Prentice Hall; 1993)。
Esther C。 Goddard; editor; The Papers of Robert H。 Goddard (New York: McGraw…Hill; 1970) (three volumes)。
Ronald Greeley; Planetary Landscapes; second edition (New York: Chapman and Hall; 1994)。
William J。 Kaufmann III; Universe; fourth edition (New York: W。 H。 Freeman; 1993)。 Harry Y。 McSween; Jr。; Stardust to Planets (New York: St。 Martin's; 1994)。 Ron Miller and William K。 Hartmann; The Grand Tour: A Traveler's Guide to the Solar System; revised edition
(New York: Workman; 1993)。 David Morrison; Exploring Planetary Worlds (New York: Scientific American Books; 1993)。 Bruce C。 Murray; journey to the Planets (New York: W。W。 Norton; 1989)。
Jay M。 Pasachoff; Astronomy: From Earth to the Universe (New York: Saunders; 1993)。
Carl Sagan; Cosmos (New York: Random House; 1980)。
Konstantin Tsiolkovsky; The Call of the Cosmos (Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House; 1960) (English
translation)。
CHAPTER 3; THE GREAT DEMOTIONS
John D。 Barron and Frank J。 Tipler; The Anthropic Cosmological Principle (New York: Oxford University Press;
1986)。 A。 Linde; Particle Physics and Inflationary Cosmology (Harwood Academy Publishers; 1991)。
B。 Stewart; 〃Science or Animism?;〃 Creation /Evolution; vol。 12; no。 1 (1992); pp。 18…19。
Steven Weinberg; Dreams of a Final Theory (New York: Vintage Books; 1994)。
CHAPTER 4; A UNIVERSE NOT MADE FOR US
Brian Appleyard; Understanding the Present: Science and the Soul of Modern Man (London: Picador/Pan Books
Ltd。; 1992)。 Passages quoted appear; in order; on the following pages: 232; 27; 32; 19; 19; 27; 9; xiv; 137;
112…113; 206; 10; 239; 8; 8。 J。 B。 Bury; History of the Papacy in the 19th Century (New York: Schocken; 1964)。 Here; as in many other
sources; the 1864 Syllabus is transcribed into its 〃positive〃 form (e。g。; 〃Divine revelation is perfect〃) rather
than as part of a list of condemned errors (〃Divine revelation is imperfect〃)。
CHAPTER 5; IS THERE INTELLIGENT LIFE ON EARTH?
Carl Sagan; W。 R。 Thompson; Robert Carlsson; Donald Gurnett; and Charles Hord; 〃A Search for Life on Earth
from the Galileo Spacecraft;〃 Nature; vol。 365 (1993); pp。 715…721。
CHAPTER 7; AMONG THE MOONS OF SATURN
Jonathan Lunine; 〃Does Titan Have Oceans?;〃 American Scientist; vol。 82 (1994); pp。 134…144。 Carl Sagan; W。 Reid Thompson; and Bishun N。 Khare; 〃Titan: A Laboratory for Prebiological Organic
Chemistry;〃 Accounts of Chemical Research; vol。 25 (1992); pp。 286…292。 J。 William Schopf; Major Events in the History of Life (Boston: Jones and Bartlett; 1992)。
CHAPTER 8; THE FIRST NEW PLANET
Bernard Cohen; 〃G。 D。 Cassini and the Number of the Planets;〃 in Nature; Experiment and the Sciences;
Trevor Levere and W。 R。 Shea; editors (Dordrecht: Kluwer; 1990)。
CHAPTER 9; AN AMERICAN SHIP AT THE FRONTIERS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM
Murmurs of Earth; CD…ROM of the Voyager interstellar record; with introduction by Carl Sagan and
Ann Druyan (Los Angeles: Warner New Media; 1992); WNM 14022。 Alexander Wolszczan; 〃Confirmation of Earth…Mass Planets Orbiting the Millisecond Pulsar PSR
B1257+12;〃 Science; vol。 264 (1994); pp。 538…542。
CHAPTER 12; THE GROUND MELTS
Peter Cattermole; Venus: The Geological Survey (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1994)。 Peter Francis; Volcanoes: A Planetary Perspective (Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1993)。
CHAPTER 1 3; THE GIFT OF APOLLO
Andrew Chaikin; A Man on the Moon (New York: Viking; 1994)。Michael Collins; Liftoff (New York: Grove Press; 1988)。Daniel Deudney; 〃Forging Missiles into Spaceships;〃 World Policy Journal; vol。 2; no。 2 (Spring 1985); pp。 271…303。
Harry Hurt; For All Mankind (New York: Atlantic Monthly Pr